1. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
2. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston
3. The Red Duke Trauma Institute at Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston
4. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
6. The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
7. Department of Health Policy and Management, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland