1. Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2. Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3. Division of Vascular Surgery, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
6. Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
7. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
8. Wolff Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania