1. Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada2Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma, Emergency, and Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Community Health Sciences, O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
3. Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
4. Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
5. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
6. Institut National d’Excellence en Santé et en Services Sociaux, Québec, Québec City, Canada
7. Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Québec, Québec City, Canada
8. Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma, Emergency, and Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada9Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec City, Canada