1. Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
2. Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
5. LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
6. University of Southern California, Los Angeles
7. Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles