1. Instructor, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
2. Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
3. Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
4. PhD student, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
5. Professor and Chairman, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan