1. a Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
2. b Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
3. c Graduate PhD student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
4. d Professor and Department Chair, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
5. Corresponding author: Dr Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575 Japan (t-yamamo@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp)