1. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Thomas M. Graber Visiting Scholar, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
2. Private practice, Rome, Italy
3. Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
4. Thomas M. and Doris Graber Endowed Professor of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry; and Research Professor, Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
5. Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, The University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy