1. Former Orthodontic Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
2. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
3. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq.