1. Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio; and Adjunct Instructor, Division of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
3. Graduate Student, Division of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
5. Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
6. Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.