1. Private Practice, Birmingham, AL, USA.
2. Visiting Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
3. Professor Emeritus, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
4. Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics; and Collegiate Director of Clinical Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
5. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
6. Private Practice, Auburn, AL, USA.
7. Private Practice, Billings, MT, USA.
8. Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.