1. a Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA
2. Corresponding author: Dr Eser Tüfekçi, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 520 N 12th Street, P.O. Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA (etufekci@vcu.edu)
3. b Former student, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
4. c Former student, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
5. d Professor and Head of the Department, Institute of Odontology, Department of Orthodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
6. e Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA
7. f Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA