Comparative characteristics of the functional state of future art teachers and other pedagogical specialties students

Abstract

Purpose: to reveal the autonomic regulation peculiarities of the functional state based on indicators of the nervous and cardiovascular systems work of future fine arts and music teachers for the development of recommendations for the use of physical exercises. Material and methods 812 students of pedagogical institutions of higher education of Ukraine took part in the study. During psychophysiological testing, the following indicators were determined for each test: reaction time, number of errors. The shorter the reaction time, the higher the mobility of nervous processes. The lower the number of errors in the reaction test of choosing two elements out of three, the higher the stability of nervous processes. Orthostatic reactions were determined by the results of heart rate in the lying position and in the standing position. Parametric processing methods (Student's method for comparing average values) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used. Results Two groups of students - future teachers were identified: with a predominance of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system and with a predominance of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. The largest number of students with predominance of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system was found among students – future teachers of creative specialties (faculty of arts). Students of the Faculty of Arts have significantly longer latency time of visual-motor reaction compared to representatives of other faculties. This indicates a lower mobility of nervous processes of students of the Faculty of Arts in comparison with students of other faculties. Along with this, future art teachers have significantly fewer errors in the test for choosing 2 elements out of 3. This indicates greater stability of nervous processes in future teachers – representatives of art compared to other future teachers. Conclusions Students – future teachers of creative specialties (faculty of arts) have the more stability and less mobility nervous system in combination with the autonomic nervous system parasympathetic department predominance. That is why endurance exercises that do not require frequent switching of attention are suitable for them. Such exercises include walking, slow running, swimming et. all. Exercises should be performed for at least one hour. They will also be suitable for exercises with the activation of visual perception.