ЦИТОГЕНЕТИЧНІ ПОШКОДЖЕННЯ ХРОМАТИДНОГО ТИПУ ТА ГЕНОМНІ ПОРУШЕННЯ У ЛІМФОЦИТАХ ОНКОЛОГІЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З РІЗНОЮ ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ПУХЛИН ПРИ ПРОМЕНЕВІЙ ТЕРАПІЇ

Abstract

The article showed the study of chromatid type aberrations and genome abnormalities in 65 cancer patients at the stages of radiotherapy depending on tumor localization. Оncogynecological patients (with cancer in female reproductive system), lung cancer patients and head and neck cancer patients were examined before treatment, in the middle and at the end of the radiotherapy course. The over-spontaneous level of chromatid type aberrations and genomic abnormalities in cancer patients before the radiotherapy start was noted. The highest level of chromatid type aberrations before treatment was observed in lung cancer patients. No significant changes in the level of chromatid aberrations in oncogynecological patients during the whole radiotherapy course were detected. In the middle of treatment there was a significant frequency increase of chromatid type aberrations in head and neck cancer patients compared with pre-radiotherapy values of these parameters. This increase disappeared at the end of the radiotherapy course. In contrast to oncogynecological cancer patients and head and neck cancer patients in the group of lung cancer patients there was a significant increase of chromatid type damage level from the beginning to the end of the radiotherapy. The accumulation of radiation-non-specific rearrangements was mainly due to chromatid fragments, and the level of chromatid exchanges remained unchanged during the radiotherapy. The frequency variations of genome abnormalities, such as hyperploids and endoreplications, fluctuated in all patient groups. Concerning the polyploid cells, a significant difference at all stages of the study was observed in oncogynecological patients. The research of chromatid type aberrations and genome abnormalities showed some different features in changes of these parameters depending on tumor localization. The obtained data complemented the knowledge about the general cytogenetic status of cancer patients and are important for determining the influence of such a factor as tumor localization on the formation and dynamics of radiation-non-specific chromatid type lesions and genomic abnormalities during a radiotherapy course.