ГЕНЕТИЧНЕ РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ КУКУРУДЗИ І СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЙОГО СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЇ

Abstract

The article discusses the possibilities of improving the corn grading system. It has been shown that the existing classification of maize does not provide an opportunity to systematize the modern genetic diversity of this crop, which has expanded significantly in recent times due to increasing demand for specialized forms of maize. As a result, a number of objectively existing and actively practically used valuable forms do not fit within the existing classification and consequently deprived of botanical status. The expediency of using for this purpose of the phenotypic effect of mutant genes of the endosperm structure is substantiated. Since the criteria for the distribution of maize into subspecies is determined by certain features of the physical structure of the endosperm of the grain, which are due to the specificity of its biochemical composition, the effect of mutations of endosperm o2, sh1, sh2, su1, se, su2, ae and wx on the peculiarities of the phenotype, structure of the endosperm and the structure of endo-sperm maize, namely: the content and fractional composition of the protein, the content of the basic fractions of carbohydrates, the content and fatty acid composition of the oil in biologically ripe grain was analyzed. For the study, 5 lines were used based on each mutation. Significant specific effects on these indicators other than ordinary maize and the su1 and wx mutants included in the existing maize classification and having subspecies status have been identified. An additional insertion to the corn classification system of endosperm mutants o2, sh1, sh2, su2 and ae as separate subspecies is proposed, since the totality of the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the carriers of these mutations fully complies with the requirements for the classification characteristics of this culture. The official recognition of new taxonomic groups will help to objectify the generalization of modern genetic diversity of corn and will allow reliable standardized evaluation of representatives of these groups of maize, as a raw materials for use in the feed production, food, pharmaceutical and technical branches of industry. This approach is applied for the first time and has no national or foreign analogues.