Interplay of serum biomarkers bilirubin and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in predicting cardiovascular complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

This editorial synthesizes insights from a series of studies examining the interplay between metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers in cardiovascular disease (CVD), focusing particularly on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The central piece of this synthesis is a study that investigates the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the body through the analysis of serum bilirubin and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GGT) levels in T2DM patients with ACS. This study highlights serum bilirubin as a protective antioxidant factor, while elevated γ-GGT levels indicate increased oxidative stress and correlate with major adverse cardiovascular events. Complementary to this, other research contributions reveal γ-GGT’s role as a risk factor in ACS, its association with cardiovascular mortality in broader populations, and its link to metabolic syndrome, further elucidating the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs. The collective findings from these studies underscore the critical roles of γ-GGT and serum bilirubin in cardiovascular health, especially in the context of T2DM and ACS. By providing a balanced view of the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms, these insights suggest potential pathways for targeted interventions and improved prognostic assessments in patients with T2DM and ACS. This synthesis not only corroborates the pivotal role of γ-GGT in cardiovascular pathology but also introduces the protective potential of antioxidants like bilirubin, illuminating the complex interplay between T2DM and heart disease. These studies collectively underscore the critical roles of serum bilirubin and γ-GGT as biomarkers in cardiovascular health, particularly in T2DM and ACS contexts, offering insights into the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms. This synthesis of research supports the potential of these biomarkers in guiding therapeutic strategies and improving prognostic assessments for patients with T2DM and some CVD.