1. Awang, M., Osada, N., Takeda, H. & Furukawa, A. 1998. Leaf phenology, leaf dynamics and growth characteristic of saplings of a canopy species, Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae) in a tropical rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Research Report of the NIES/FRIM/UPM, Joint Research Project: 21-46 pp.
2. Backer, C. A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink, R. C. 1963. Flora of Java Vol I, pp 490-497. WolterNoordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands.
3. Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan, 2: 1188-1189.
4. Herbivores and the Number of Tree Species in Tropical Forests
5. Kohyama, T., Hara, T. & Tadaki, Y. 1990. Pattern of trunk diameter, tree height and crown depth in crowdedAbies stands. Annals ofBotany 65: 567-574.