1. From the Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (MU and KY); the Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (SS, HI, AK, and TS); the Department of Public Health, University of Ehime, Ehime, Japan (TT); and the Department of Social and Environmental Medic