Affiliation:
1. Omsk State Medical University
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract, which is formed under the action of endogenous factors and environmental influences. It is now believed that type 2 T-helper cells play a major role in the development of bronchial asthma by causing airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. However, the evidence that bronchial asthma is mostly an allergic, eosinophilic, type 2 T-helper-mediated disease is insufficient to establish complete control of the course of AD. This is probably due to the fact that endogenous factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, knowledge of which is currently limited. Consequently, continued study of asthma pathogenesis is an important and relevant direction in medicine. Over the last decade, the attention of researchers has been drawn to Toll-like receptors, which provide recognition of pathogens and trigger an immune response to them. There are conflicting data in the literature on the role of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of AD, but their involvement in the development of the disease is confirmed by numerous studies. As participants of acute infectious processes, under inadequate stimulation associated with mutation of genes regulating receptor expression, they cause initiation or exacerbation of asthma in predisposed individuals. At the same time, reduced receptor function leads to a decrease in the body's defenses, which also leads to exacerbation of AD. In addition, Toll-like receptors are direct elements of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, supporting or reducing inflammation. Thus, Toll-like receptors may not only exacerbate the course of AD but also protect against exacerbations. Better knowledge of the role of these receptors in the pathophysiology of AD may lead to improved diagnostic methods, thereby increasing the likelihood of timely detection of the disease. Using data on the effects realized by receptors, drugs are being developed that are antagonists or agonists of a particular Toll-like receptor. The use of drugs acting on receptors in the treatment and prevention of AD may further lead to improved control of the disease course.
Publisher
Omsk State Medical University
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