Prospective solution of the problem of postoperative ileus in urology and traumatology

Abstract

In surgical practice, after operations that directly or indirectly affect the organs of the abdominal cavity, it is possible to develop disturbances in the normal coordinated propulsive motility of the gastrointestinal tract. This condition of dynamic intestinal obstruction is referred to as postoperative gastrointestinal paresis or postoperative ileus (POI). We did not find any information on the frequency of POI in urological practice, however, the frequency of POI in the clinic of colorectal surgery is known to be from 10 to 30% and after gynecological operations 10-15%. The issue of treatment and prevention of POI remains relevant. In global clinical practice, chewing gum has been used after surgery to reduce postoperative intestinal obstruction since the beginning of the 21st century. 141 references were found for the query “postoperative ileus, chewing gum” in the PubMed database alone, of which 53 references to randomized clinical trials, 48 to reviews and systematic reviews, and 26 to meta-analyses. The present review considers randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes that examined the prevention of POI in urology and traumatology, indicating the effectiveness and safety of the use of chewing gum in the postoperative period for the prevention of postoperative ileus.