LEVELS OF FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEM

Abstract

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the levels of food security (individual, household, community, national and global) and to identify the factors that affect food security at each level. Methods. The study used general scientific methods and research techniques: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of each level of food security), analysis and synthesis (to identify the characteristic factors of influence at each level of food security), deduction-induction (to substantiate each level of food security). Results. It has been determined that the allocation of levels (individual, household, community, national and global) within the theory of food security is based on the definition of food availability, quality and safety. The main factors that affect food security at each level are identified. At the individual level: physical access to food, dietary diversity, social and economic determinants of food access, the broader context of food systems and policies; at the household level: access to adequate food, stability, affordability, nutritional adequacy, utilization, cultural acceptability, sustainability; at the community level: access to food, food availability, food quality, food system sustainability, social justice, food production, emergency reserves, and food security. Improving food security requires concerted efforts at all levels. Global initiatives must be supported by national policies that take into account local circumstances and needs. It is also important to provide support at the individual level through increased income, education and access to social services. A comprehensive approach that combines these measures can significantly improve food security and ensure a healthy future for all people.