Incorporating Full Elastodynamic Effects and Dipping Fault Geometries in Community Code Verification Exercises for Simulations of Earthquake Sequences and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)

Author:

Erickson Brittany A.1ORCID,Jiang Junle2ORCID,Lambert Valère3ORCID,Barbot Sylvain D.4ORCID,Abdelmeguid Mohamed5ORCID,Almquist Martin6ORCID,Ampuero Jean-Paul7ORCID,Ando Ryosuke8ORCID,Cattania Camilla9ORCID,Chen Alexandre1,Dal Zilio Luca10ORCID,Deng Shuai11,Dunham Eric M.12ORCID,Elbanna Ahmed E.13,Gabriel Alice-Agnes1415ORCID,Harvey Tobias W.1,Huang Yihe15ORCID,Kaneko Yoshihiro16ORCID,Kozdon Jeremy E.1718ORCID,Lapusta Nadia19ORCID,Li Duo20ORCID,Li Meng21ORCID,Liang Chao11ORCID,Liu Yajing22ORCID,Ozawa So8ORCID,Perez-Silva Andrea23ORCID,Pranger Casper20ORCID,Segall Paul24ORCID,Sun Yudong9ORCID,Thakur Prithvi15ORCID,Uphoff Carsten20ORCID,van Dinther Ylona21ORCID,Yang Yuyun12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Computer Science, Department of Earth Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A.

2. 2School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

3. 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, U.S.A.

4. 4Earth Science Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

5. 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

6. 6Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

7. 7Géoazur Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France

8. 8Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

9. 9Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

10. 10Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

11. 11Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

12. 12Department of Geophysics, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A.

13. 13Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

14. 14Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A.;

15. 16Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

16. 17Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

17. 18Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, U.S.A.;

18. 19HPC Applications Engineer at NextSilicon, Giv'atayim, Israel

19. 20Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering and Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.

20. 15Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

21. 21Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

22. 22Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

23. 23School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

24. 24Geophysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A.

Abstract

ABSTRACTNumerical modeling of earthquake dynamics and derived insight for seismic hazard relies on credible, reproducible model results. The sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) initiative has set out to facilitate community code comparisons, and verify and advance the next generation of physics-based earthquake models that reproduce all phases of the seismic cycle. With the goal of advancing SEAS models to robustly incorporate physical and geometrical complexities, here we present code comparison results from two new benchmark problems: BP1-FD considers full elastodynamic effects, and BP3-QD considers dipping fault geometries. Seven and eight modeling groups participated in BP1-FD and BP3-QD, respectively, allowing us to explore these physical ingredients across multiple codes and better understand associated numerical considerations. With new comparison metrics, we find that numerical resolution and computational domain size are critical parameters to obtain matching results. Codes for BP1-FD implement different criteria for switching between quasi-static and dynamic solvers, which require tuning to obtain matching results. In BP3-QD, proper remote boundary conditions consistent with specified rigid body translation are required to obtain matching surface displacements. With these numerical and mathematical issues resolved, we obtain excellent quantitative agreements among codes in earthquake interevent times, event moments, and coseismic slip, with reasonable agreements made in peak slip rates and rupture arrival time. We find that including full inertial effects generates events with larger slip rates and rupture speeds compared to the quasi-dynamic counterpart. For BP3-QD, both dip angle and sense of motion (thrust versus normal faulting) alter ground motion on the hanging and foot walls, and influence event patterns, with some sequences exhibiting similar-size characteristic earthquakes, and others exhibiting different-size events. These findings underscore the importance of considering full elastodynamics and nonvertical dip angles in SEAS models, as both influence short- and long-term earthquake behavior and are relevant to seismic hazard.

Publisher

Seismological Society of America (SSA)

Subject

Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics

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