1. 1. Michael P. Carroll, "How the Irish Became Protestant in America," Religion and American Culture 16, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 25-54
2. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25, accessed June 1, 2020: 38. Donald Harman Akenson, Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815-1922 (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1988)
3. David T. Gleeson, "Smaller Differences: 'Scotch Irish' and 'Real Irish' in the Nineteenth-Century American South," New Hibernia Review 10, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 68-91. David A. Wilson, "Whiteness and Irish Experience in North America," Journal of British Studies 44, no. 1 (Jan. 2005): 153-60.
4. 2.
Carroll, “How the Irish Became Protestant,” 40-41; Alden Jamison, “Irish Americans, The Irish Question and American Diplomacy, 1895-1921” (PhD diss., Harvard University, 1942), 3; Donald Harman Akenson, The United States and Ireland (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), 34.
5. 3. On calls, see William H. Mulligan, Jr., "How the Irish Became American: Reflections on the History of the Irish in the United States," in Heritage, Diaspora and the Consumption of Culture: Movements in Irish Landscapes, ed. Diane Sabenacio Nititham and Rebecca Boyd (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2014), 93-111