1. 1. Ásgeir Magnússon, Íslensk orðsifjabók (Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans, 1989), s.v. “Mara.”
2. 2. Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon, and William Craigie, An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 2d ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press) s.v. “Mara”; Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller, and Alastair Campbell, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth, With Supplement (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921) s.v. “Mære”; Ásgeir Magnússon, s.v. “Mara”; Hubert de Vries, Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Leiden: Brill, 1961), s.v. “Mara”; Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bern: Francke Verlag, 1959), s.v. “Mara,” “Mære.”
3. 3. Catharina Raudvere, Föreställningar om maran i nordisk folktro (Lund: Lunds universitet, 1993) and “Analogy Narratives and Fictive Rituals,” Arv, 51 (1995), 41–62; Eva Pócs, Between the Living and the Dead: A Perspective on Witches and Seers in the Early Modern Age (Budapest: Central European Univ. Press, 1999). For Scandinavian mara narratives, see John Lindow, Swedish Legends and Folktales (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1978); Reimund Kvideland and Henning Sehmsdorf, Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend (Oslo: Norwegian Univ. Press, 1991). On the mara and sleep paralysis, see Owen Davies, “The Nightmare Experience, Sleep Paralysis, and Witchcraft Accusations,” Folklore, 114 (2003), 181–203; Stephen Gordon, “Medical Condition, Demon or Undead Corpse? Sleep Paralysis and the Nightmare in Medieval Europe,” Social History of Medicine, 28 (2015), 425–44.
4. 4. Bosworth-Toller, s.v. “Mære”; Cleasby-Vigfússon, s.v. “Mara”; Ásgeir Magnússon, s.v. “Mara”; Johan Fritzner, Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog (Kristiania: Feilberg & Landmark, 1867), s.v. “Mara”; Marius Heggstad and Alf Torp, Gamal-Norsk Ordbok med nynorsk tyding (Oslo: Samlaget, 1930), s.v. “Mara.”
5. 5. Ásgeir Magnússon, Fritzner, Heggstad-Torp, and Cleasby-Vigfússon, s.v. “Kveldriða,” “Myrkriða,” “Túnriða,” “Trollriða.”