More Topography, Astronomy, and Geometry at the Newark Earthworks

Abstract

Abstract New geometrical, photographic, topographic, and astronomical evidence is presented that links the architectural plan of the earthworks to the lunar standstills, solstices, and local terrain. The data are integrated with previous research to form a comprehensive interpretation of the site. Analysis shows that all eight sides of the Octagon can be used for observations of the 18.6-year lunar standstill cycle. The locations of obliterated earthwork features are established using historic aerial photos and maps. Solstice/standstill alignments are documented and support the Hively-Horn TAG hypothesis. When at its zenith during the Hopewell epoch, the Milky Way is shown to have intersected the horizon at the extreme rise/set points of the Moon at the major standstill. The scale, precision, and sophistication of the encoding of standstill/solstice alignments in the earthwork design and in its relation to the surrounding terrain is an achievement of the Hopewell builders with no known precedent in the prehistoric world.