Intelligent Discontent: Results of Archaeological Monitoring during the Construction of the Pullman National Monument

Abstract

Abstract In 2020 and 2021, Commonwealth Heritage Group was contracted by Chicago Neighborhood Initiatives to monitor construction at the historic Main Factory Complex of the Pullman National Monument. Construction activities were related to site development for historical interpretation and a public museum in coordination with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the National Park Service to document any significant resources related to the Pullman period (1880–1897). A landscaping wall associated with Lake Vista, the South Erecting Shop foundation, and the Workers’ Gate foundation were encountered during construction and determined to contribute to the significance of the site. The Workers’ Gate and gatehouse is one of the most recognized locations at the Main Factory Complex and is symbolic of the American labor movement. The archaeological remnants of the Workers’ Gate and gatehouse indicate that George Pullman constructed it and posted a watchman to assert more control over his workers during a time of escalating labor tensions. Cultural materials associated with the Workers’ Gate foundation and other site locales provide insight into the consumer choices made by the Pullman workers and illustrate some of the ways Pullman workers and residents resisted company control.