Epidemiological data of suicidal behaviour – how to inform and not to disinform?

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Suicide is a significant global public health concern. Media reporting greatly influences suicide prevention efforts, with the Internet and social media playing a major role. Inappropriate reporting can undermine prevention, while responsible reporting can have a preventive effect. The World Health Organization and the International Association for Suicide Prevention have issued a set of guidelines for journalists, which are also available in the Polish language. This article is a preliminary report on suicide behaviour epidemiology reporting in the Polish media. Materials and methods: The study used data from the National Police Headquarters to analyse suicide attempts and deaths in Poland between 2017 and 2022. Population size data was obtained from the Statistics Poland website. News analysis was conducted using the BuzzSumo Enterprise Application to assess social media shares and engagements for the top 100 popular web pages with the keyword “suicide” in the Polish language news between 2017 and 2022. Results: The study found that media articles often omitted standardised indicators when reporting suicide statistics. The media focus on growing suicide mortality among children and adolescents was evident, while a similar trend among older adults received only limited attention. Additionally, some articles failed to distinguish between suicide attempts and deaths, used sensational language in the headlines, and did not consider changes in reporting methodologies, leading to potential misinterpretations of suicide-related data. Conclusions: Responsible reporting is crucial to prevent negative effects on public health. Understanding the association between suicide and misinformation can lead to targeted interventions and strategies to safeguard well-being.