Assessment of correctness of foot shape and correlations with anthropometric indicators and the centre of body gravity in preschool children

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Preschool and early school age plays an important role in shaping the foot and posture in children. The aims of the study were to assess the correctness of foot shape in preschool children and to determine possible correlations with age, gender, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI), and the centre of body gravity.  Materials and methods: A study of feet and anthropometric parameters was carried out in children aged 4–6 years. Foot examination was performed using a podoscope and a strain gauge platform, while body weight was assessed using a Tanita device. Body weight, height, Clarke’s angle, centre of gravity, and WHtR were analysed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the value of the Clarke’s angle between the left and right feet in both girls and boys, regardless of the age group. The BMI did not correlate statistically with the results of the Clarke’s angle measurements, both for all the subjects and taking into account their age. The BMI value was statistically significantly correlated with the centre of body gravity due to the correct WHtR. Conclusions: The study confirmed that the longitudinal arch of the foot shows no clear sexual dimorphism. The BMI and Clarke’s angle were not dependent on each other in the study group. The study showed no changes in the centre of body gravity in relation to the children’s body shape.