Participatory and collaborative processes of co-production in sustainability science combineknowledge generation and action, take place within the situations addressed by policies orinterventions, and stimulate mutual learning through inter- and transdisciplinary methodologies.In this Chapter, we introduce the notion of practical causal knowledge for sustainability. Usingexamples from participatory modelling, we highlight that the knowledge generated through coproductionin sustainability science can be both causal and practical. It is causal as it allows forunderstanding the complex dynamics underpinning sustainability problems and potentialsolutions in ways that are sensitive to the context, comprehensive, and inclusive. It is practical bothbecause it emerges from and because it is oriented towards the practical activities performed bydiverse scientific and non-scientific actors in specific situations to understand and addresscomplex sustainability problems. We argue that an appropriate philosophical account of practicalcausal knowledge for sustainability requires major shifts from existing philosophical accounts of‘causal knowledge for use and action’, that are tailored to fields that are not participatory andcollaborative. We conclude by arguing that practical causal knowledge for sustainability does notaim to predict and control dynamics of change, but to help navigate and find practical orientationwithin irreducibly complex situations.