Perspective directions of metallurgy and steel metal science development

Abstract

The task of principal (multiple) increase of complex of service parameters (often being hard compatible) and steel quality under conditions of costs decrease becomes more and more actual. The solution is possible by creation and application of new principles and approaches based, first of all, on adequate physical and chemical predicting methods and effective technological skill of control non-metallic inclusions, forms of impurities, phase isolations, structure state, including homogeneity of the metal volume. A complex approach to prediction, analysis of phase composition, structure state and steel properties elaborated to implement this progressive direction. It has an important feature like elaborated in details scientific principles. The principles allow not only to make effective the development of new steel and technologies of their production at minimum costs, but also to reveal the content, directions and intensity of processes having place during metal processing. It was illustrated at the example of microalloyed (stabilized) by titanium super-high-carbon IF steel. Importance of accounting of regularity of phase isolations forming kinetics shown, that can result in considerable change of their characteristics and steel properties. This circumstance can be used for unification of chemical composition or development of cassette technologies production, for example, from IF-steels of the same chemical composition, of rolled products of different assortment or strength class. It was shown, that the complex phase isolations forming takes place with participation impurities and elements presented in the steel. Therefore there arose wide possibilities of considerable increase of complex of properties at decreasing of costs. Presence of deformation considerably accelerates the processes of nano-size phase isolations forming not only during rolling, but also during parts manufacturing by hot stamping, combined with steel quenching. This allows to increase their strength by 300–400 MPa additionally to martensitic structure. It is possible, apart from principal perfection of parameters of service characteristics stability, to reach considerable increase of composition homogeneity, structure and properties in the whole metal volume by non-metallic inclusions forming control. Forming of silicate glassy inclusions in low-alloyed steels improves principally the macro- and microstructure of CC billet and impact toughness of rolled products KCV–40 (420–445 J/сm2 ). Their presence in the steel stipulated by kinetic reasons. Additional substantial increase of composition homogeneity, structure and microalloyed steels properties can be reached during the rolling process by return redistribution of components from the axis zone to the surface of the rolled product. High efficiency of the above-mentioned approaches at present has been confirmed by development an array of pipe, structural, automobile steels and highly efficient technologies of their production.