1. The Rise of the Machines;Guizzo;IEEE Spectrum,2008
2. International Organization for Standardization (1982). ISO 6983-1, Numerical control of machine-program format and definition of address words Part-1: Data format for positioning, line and contouring control systems, First Edition.
3. International Organization for Standardization (1994), ISO 10303-1, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and exchange Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles.
4. International Organization for Standardization (1994), ISO 10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and exchange Part 11: the EXPRESS language reference manual.
5. International Organization for Standardization (1994), ISO 10303-21, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and exchange Part 21: implementation methods: clear text encoding of the exchange structure.