Physical Structures and Adsorption Efficiencies of Sugarcane Bagasse, Coconut Pulp and Sawdust as Natural Adsorbents in Removal of Heavy Metals From Car Wash Activity

Abstract

Introduction: Car wash premises consume large amounts of water that can later end up in the public irrigation system. This production of wastewater, which contains heavy metals, are both detrimental to the marine environment and unsustainable. Methods: In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SB), coconut pulp (CP) and sawdust (SD) were investigated to determine their potential usage as low-cost, heavy metals adsorbents. The morphology of these adsorbents was characterized using Spectrometry Electron Microscope (SEM), while presence of heavy metals constituents on selected adsorbents was analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Adsorbents Adsorption efficiencies were calculated to determine the best adsorbent. Results: CP with a more porous structure promotes a larger surface area, compared to SB and SD. Adsorption was optimized at pH 4 in room temperature for 4 hours, with adsorbents particle between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm in size. SD was the best adsorbent for Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) removal with 95.6% and 86.5% removal efficiencies. Meanwhile, CP was the best adsorbent for Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn), with percentage removal of 78.9% and 24.8% respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used by relevant agencies for a better policy regarding on wastewater management and support the concept of turning waste to useful products.