Abstract
The present work investigated the defatting of purple-spotted bigeye fish skin to obtain lipid prior to hydrolysis for gelatine production. Lipid was extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The drying temperature of the skin on lipid recovery and preliminary kinetic of UAE were studied before a two-stage extraction was optimised by employing response surface methodology. Qualities of lipids and of the remaining solids after extraction were then analysed. The optimal drying temperature was found to be 80°C. The kinetic study that followed indicated that the highest extraction rate was achieved at 30°C, and from UAE using ethanol (UAEE) and sequential UAE using hexane (UAEH), the maximum percentage of total lipid recovery was 91.326 at 30°C, 37 kHz, and 60 min. The qualities determined by peroxide, conjugated diene, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and acid values showed that the extracted lipid could be suitable for industry, while the remaining solid could be used as material for gelatine production.
Publisher
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Reference51 articles.
1. Alipal, J., Mohd Pu'ad, N. A. S., Lee, T. C., Nayan, N. H. M., Sahari, N., Basri, H., ... and Abdullah, H. Z. 2021. A review of gelatin: Properties, sources, process, applications, and commercialization. Materials Today - Proceedings 42(1): 240-250.
2. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS). 1992a. Method Cd 3a 63(89) - Acid value. United States: AOCS Press.
3. AOCS 1992b. Method Cd 18-90 - p-anisidine value. United States: AOCS Press.
4. Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th ed. United States: AOAC.
5. Bako, T., Umogbai, V. I. and Awulu, J. O. 2017. Criteria for the extraction of fish oil. Agricultural Engineering International - CIGR Journal 19(3): 120-132.