Socio-Demographic Profile and Prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) Co-Infected Patients in Kelantan

Abstract

In Kelantan, the prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate among TB/HIV co-infection is still below the success target of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Our objective was to assess the socio-demographic profile and determine the prevalence of TB treatment outcomes among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Kelantan. The cross-sectional study involved secondary data from the MyTB online system from January 2014 to December 2018, carried out at TB/Leprosy Sector, State Health Department of Kelantan. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0 and STATA version 14. The ethics approval was obtained from the UniSZA Human Research Ethics Committee (UHREC) and Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) of Ministry of Health (MOH). There were 6,313 TB cases in Kelantan. Of these, 703 (11.1%) cases were TB/HIV co-infection. However, 36 cases were excluded, and 667 cases were evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean (SD) age was 38.7 (7.9) years, and the mean duration of TB treatment was 202.8 (131.27) days. The prevalence of successful treatment was 57.1%, with 19.8% cases were cured, and another 37.3% cases were completed treatment. While the unsuccessful were 42.9%, with 10.1% cases were defaulted, and 32.8% cases died. The successful outcomes were significantly associated with the educational level, the anatomy of TB location, smoking status, DOTS by health care providers, source of notification, the place of treatment and method of detection. This study provides the basic data of patient’s socio-demographic profiles, and the prevalence of TB treatment success in Kelantan is under international target by WHO of ≥ 90.0%.