Extraction and Characterization of Novel Ligno-Cellulosic Fiber from Wrightia tinctoria and Cebia pentandra Plant for Textile and Polymer Composite Applications

Abstract

Natural fibers derived from cellulose and ligno-celluloses materials have many advantages, such as being renewable, low density, inexhaustible, and cheap rather than synthetic fibers. Researchers and scientists are searching for a new fiber source that can be processed environmentally sustainable. The aim is to produce an organic and Eco-friendly product. The present investigation aims to extract and characterize ligno-cellulosic fiber from the seedpod of Wrightia tinctoria (WT) and Cebia pentandra (CP) plants. The extraction of WT fibers (WTFs) and CP fibers (CPFs) was carried out using the hand-stripping method. The structural and functional Characterization of WTFs and CPFs were determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), and the thermal behavior of fibers determined by using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results indicated that WTFs composed of 75% cellulose, 14% lignin, and 0.55% wax content were, as the CPFs were composed of 38% cellulose, 15% lignin, and wax content of 2.34%. The SEM micrograph confirms that both fibers were hollow structures with thin cell walls and luminous because of the wax content presence on the surface of the fiber. The crystallinity percentage of WTFs and CPFs was calculated from XRD studies and is valued at 62% and 52%. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that WTFs and CPFs were thermally stable up to 460°C and 350°C. The above characterization results confirm that WTFs and CPFs have a wide scope in textile and polymer composite applications.