1. Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Christian College of Nursing, Gwangju, Korea.
2. Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Songwon University, Gwangju, Korea.
3. Professor, Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea.
4. Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
5. Head Nurse, Naju National Hospital, Naju, Korea.