1. From the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan;
2. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
3. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;
4. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
5. Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.