1. From the Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
2. Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;
3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
4. Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Faculty of Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.