UBF levels determine the number of active ribosomal RNA genes in mammals

Author:

Sanij Elaine1,Poortinga Gretchen1,Sharkey Kerith1,Hung Sandy1,Holloway Timothy P.1,Quin Jaclyn1,Robb Elysia1,Wong Lee H.2,Thomas Walter G.3,Stefanovsky Victor4,Moss Tom4,Rothblum Lawrence5,Hannan Katherine M.1,McArthur Grant A.167,Pearson Richard B.18,Hannan Ross D.18

Affiliation:

1. Research Division and

2. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia

3. School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

4. Cancer Research Centre, Laval University, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada

5. Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Medical College, Oklahoma City, OK 73104

6. Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia

7. Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital and

8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia

Abstract

In mammals, the mechanisms regulating the number of active copies of the ∼200 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I are unclear. We demonstrate that depletion of the transcription factor upstream binding factor (UBF) leads to the stable and reversible methylation-independent silencing of rRNA genes by promoting histone H1–induced assembly of transcriptionally inactive chromatin. Chromatin remodeling is abrogated by the mutation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase site within the high mobility group box 1 domain of UBF1, which is required for its ability to bend and loop DNA in vitro. Surprisingly, rRNA gene silencing does not reduce net rRNA synthesis as transcription from remaining active genes is increased. We also show that the active rRNA gene pool is not static but decreases during differentiation, correlating with diminished UBF expression. Thus, UBF1 levels regulate active rRNA gene chromatin during growth and differentiation.

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Cell Biology

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