Abstract
The immune system is characterized by uni versality, meaning that nonspecific defense mech anisms are present in all living organisms, from the
simplest forms to the most evolved ones, because
they all have their infectious agents, microbial (bac terial, fungal, parasitic) and viral. These invisible
enemies exerted selective pressure over time, and
in parallel with their increased infectivity and vir ulence mechanisms, the defense mechanisms also
evolved due to host-parasites coevolution [1-2]. The
immune system is best studied in animals, especial ly the adaptive or specific immunity of vertebrates,
mammals, and humans. Many studies on adaptive
immunity were realized after describing lympho cytes and their subsets, differentiation, functions,
and regulation. For a while, the unspecific defense
mechanisms entered a shadow cone
Publisher
Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare Medico-Militara "Cantacuzino"
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