1. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Putra Malaysia, Medical Faculty, Serdang, Malaysia.
2. University of Putra Malaysia, Institute of Biosciences, Serdang, Malaysia.
3. University of Putra Malaysia, Institute of Advanced Technology, Serdang, Malaysia.
4. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan, Malaysia.