Determination of Weeds and Their Floristic Investigation in Vineyards in Some Districts of Şanlıurfa (Turkey)

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the weeds and their flora in the vineyards of Şanlıurfa (Turkey) between the years 2020-2023. Vineyards in the districts of Birecik, Halfeti, Bozova, Hilvan, Suruç and Karaköprü, where pistachio and vineyards are common in the region, were chosen as the study area. As a result of the study, a total of 184 weed taxa belonging to 37 genera belonging to 36 families were determined. The top 10 families with the most weed taxa are Asteraceae 20.11% (37 taxa), Apiaceae 8.7% (16 taxa), Poaceae 8.15% (15 taxa), Lamiaceae 7.61% (14 taxa), Fabaceae 7.61% (14 taxa), Bras-sicaceae It belongs to the families of 6.52% (12 taxa), Boraginaceae 3.8% (7 taxa), Papaveraceae 3.26% (6 taxa), Eu-phorbiaceaa 3.26% (6 taxa) and Amaryllidaceae (6 taxa). Among the determined weeds, the genus containing the most taxa; Euphorbia, Centaurea and Allium are represented by 5 taxa each, Astragalus and Salvia by 4, Aegylops, Amaranthus, Phlomis and Vicia by 3 each. When we look at the phytogeographic elements of the determined weeds, Irano-Turanian come first with 34% (62 taxa) in terms of phytogeographic elements of the determined weeds. Others are represented by Medi-terranian 8% (16 taxa), East-Mediterranian 4% (7 taxa), Euro-Siberian 1% (2 taxa), and indetermined or widespread 53% (97 taxa). Astragalus aintabicus, Centaurea stapfiana, Hypecoum trullatum and Tordylium cappadocicum taxa are endemic. The endemism rate is 2%. Distribution of weeds determined in the study area according to Raunkiaer life forms therophytes are 58% (106 taxa), hemicryptophytes are 33% (60 taxa), geophytes are 7% (14 taxa), and kamephytes are 2% (4 taxa). The first and most important step in the fight against weeds is the correct diagnosis of weeds.