1. Ph.D. Candidate, Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China; and School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou Univ., Lanzhou, CN, 730000, e-mail: bingxiangyuan@gmail.com
2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ryerson Univ., Toronto ON M5B 2K3, CA, e-mail: jinyuan.liu@ryerson.ca
3. Professor, Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China; and School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou Univ., CN, 730000, e-mail: sungp@lzu.edu.cn
4. Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto ON GB 314A, CA, e-mail: kaiwen@ecf.utoronto.ca