1. Department of Engineering, Indiana Univ.–Purdue Univ., Fort Wayne, IN 46805, US (Corresponding author), e-mail: hedayata@ipfw.edu
2. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, US.
3. Department of Physics, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, US.
4. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, US.