1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamanse Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3008-3025
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamanse Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
3. Highway Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10223, Republic of Korea
4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamanse Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Corresponding author), e-mail: hlee@engineering.uiowa.edu