1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, No. 4800 Cao’an Rd., Jiading District, Shanghai 201804, China
2. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, No. 4800 Cao’an Rd., Jiading District, Shanghai 201804, China (Corresponding author), e-mail: fpxiao@tongji.edu.cn, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-5102
3. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, 400 McCorvey Dr., 135 BB Comer, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA