1. School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian 116023, China, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-5584
2. Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Federal Highway Administration, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101, USA
3. Department of Architectural Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
4. Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Federal Highway Administration, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101, USA (Corresponding author), e-mail: mengdeweirob@gmail.com, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-5526