1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada (Corresponding author), e-mail: w23liang@uwaterloo.ca, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0465-9593
2. Proto Mfg. Ltd. 6150 Morton Industrial Parkway, LaSalle, ON N9J 3W3, Canada
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada