1. National Field Observation and Research Station of Landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Rd., Yichang 443002, China, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-6783 (M.S.)
2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Rd., Yichang 443002, China
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2W2, Canada; and National Field Observation and Research Station of Landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Rd., Yichang 443002, China (Corresponding author), e-mail: xxu6@ualberta.ca