1. Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-7976
2. Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada (Corresponding author), e-mail: guop@mcmaster.ca