1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK (Corresponding author), e-mail: ezzgc2@nottingham.ac.uk, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-5293
2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK